Excitation leads to the firing of an action potential while inhibition prevents the propagation of a signal. Describe what happens at each kind of synapse. In addition to the ions that carry this current, other molecules, such as ATP, can diffuse through the large gap junction pores. In the chemical synapse, the signal transmitter is not modified as the signal remains the same size as the original neurons during the transmission process. The synapse or "gap" is the place where information is transmitted from one neuron to another. The presence of particular neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, allows the neurotransmitter to imitate the results of nerve stimulation when applied to the synapse. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Here is a summary of the sequence of events that take place in synaptic transmission from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic cell. They carry messages from one nerve cell across a space to the next nerve, muscle or gland cell. The gap junction enhances the rapid transmission of the signal and synchronization activity, of cells. information within the neuron. nicotinic AChR vs muscarinic AChR, the first is ionotropic involved in generating muscle twitch, where the latter is involved in slowing HR rate and is a GPCR (metabotropic), Describe the mechanisms that terminate chemical transmission, Describe how synaptic transmission can be modified by drugs, a drug can block receptors, enzymes that break down neurotransmitter, or reuptake of neurotransmitter, Describe the differences between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, including the time course over which effects are produced following activation, ionotropic receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel, faster than metabotropic which is a GPCR that causes a signaling cascade which can cause opening of ion channels or other effects to transduce a signal, Name an example of a neurotransmitter that produces effects through ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, ACh can act thru an ionotropic receptor (nicotinic AChR) and metabotropic receptor (muscarinic AChR), Describe the advantages and disadvantages of electrical and chemical synapses, eletrical is fastest and bidirectional, but signal is diminished.. chemical is a little slower (not by much) and can generate a wide variety of responses and can amplify an electric current, Explain how excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic responses can be produced, EPSP can be produced by opening of a Na/Ca channel that causes depolarization of a cell membrane, whereas IPSP produced by opening Cl or K channel causing hyperpolarization, Name the two most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitters, List the neurotransmitters that are involved in autonomic regulation, List 3 classes of neurotransmitter found in the brain, Name 2 amino acid neurotransmitters that produce excitatory effects, EDUC Education / Learning Framework Final Cha, VL 5: Phytohormon-III Wachstum/Keimung: Gibbe, CH 18 Neuro: support systems: blood supply &, Anterior, Middle & Posterior Cerebral Artery.