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Multiple-baseline designs are those in which the treatment variable is introduced in temporal sequence to different behaviors, subjects, or settings. Watson and Workman (1981) first made the distinction between concurrent multiple-baseline designs, in which simultaneous measurement does occur for all clients, and nonconcurrent multiple-baseline designs, when data collection does not occur simultaneously for clients. Want to create or adapt OER like this? An ABAB research design, also called a withdrawal or reversal design, is used to determine if an intervention is effective in changing the behavior of a participant. Perhaps something else happened at about the same time as the treatmentfor example, the students parents might have started rewarding him for good grades. c. an experimental design. How to summarize single-participant research: Ideas and applications. It is used because multiple conditions rule out the chance of other events that influence behavior occurring in data, displaying the effectiveness of the treatment. What is a concurrent multiple baseline design? - Studybuff 3. can be used with it is unethical to do extended baselines. Does regular exercise help relieve depression? But if productivity increases on both tasks after the treatment is introducedespecially when the treatment is introduced at two different timesthen it seems much clearer that the treatment was responsible. The conditions are often designated by capital letters: A, B, C, and so on. How Many Tiers Do We Need? Type I Errors and Power in Multiple Baseline If the dependent variable begins increasing or decreasing with a change in conditions, then again this suggests that the treatment had an effect. Can analyze effects of IV w/o having to withdraw treatment; highly flexible. Notice that if the researchers had only studied one school or if they had introduced the treatment at the same time at all three schools, then it would be unclear whether the reduction in aggressive behaviors was due to the bullying program or something else that happened at about the same time it was introduced (e.g., a holiday, a television program, a change in the weather). If the dependent variable changes with the introduction of the treatment and then changes back with the return to baseline, this provides strong evidence of a treatment effect. It is used to evaluate the effects of instruction on skill sequences in which it is unlikely that the subject can improve performance on later steps in the sequence before learning prior steps (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007).