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Taking care always to keep ourselves by suitable establishments on a respectable defensive posture, we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extraordinary emergencies. I hold the maxim no less applicable to public than to private affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. But even our commercial policy should hold an equal and impartial hand; neither seeking nor granting exclusive favors or preferences; consulting the natural course of things; diffusing and diversifying by gentle means the streams of commerce, but forcing nothing; establishing (with powers so disposed, in order to give trade a stable course, to define the rights of our merchants, and to enable the government to support them) conventional rules of intercourse, the best that present circumstances and mutual opinion will permit, but temporary, and liable to be from time to time abandoned or varied, as experience and circumstances shall dictate; constantly keeping in view that it is folly in one nation to look for disinterested favors from another; that it must pay with a portion of its independence for whatever it may accept under that character; that, by such acceptance, it may place itself in the condition of having given equivalents for nominal favors, and yet of being reproached with ingratitude for not giving more. Era of Good Feelings These will be offered to you with the more freedom, as you can only see in them the disinterested warnings of a parting friend, who can possibly have no personal motive to bias his counsel. Dark-complexioned little Black Dan, a rather frail boy, became the pet of his parents and older brothers and sisters, some of whom taught him to read at an early age. Omissions? In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) he contended that a state could not tax a federal agency (a branch of the Bank of the United States), for the power to tax was a power to destroy. In Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) he argued that a state could not encroach upon the congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. Chief Justice Marshall explained the Courts decision this way: The government which has a right to do an act, and has imposed on it the duty of performing that act, must, according to the dictates of reason, be allowed to select the means . Alas! A foreign policy based on neutrality was the safest way to maintain national unity, and stability, in the United States. After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that our country, under all the circumstances of the case, had a right to take, and was bound in duty and interest to take, a neutral position. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). With such powerful and obvious motives to union, affecting all parts of our country, while experience shall not have demonstrated its impracticability, there will always be reason to distrust the patriotism of those who in any quarter may endeavor to weaken its bands.